Tungus etymology : Query result

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *īrme-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to ask

Russian meaning: просить

Even: īrmu-

Ulcha: iremesi-

Orok: ireme-

Nanai: ireme- (Он.)

Comments: ТМС 1, 328.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kab-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to break, destroy, press 2 to squeeze, knead

Russian meaning: 1 ломать, разрушать, давить 2 мять

Even: qawъ̣q-, qawъ̣l- 1

Negidal: kawjụ- 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 357, 358. The root is expressive and has several variants: *kab- (see above); *kapu- reflected in Man. qafur 'crackling', Nan. qapo-qapo id., Ul. qapụ(r) id., Orok qapụli- 'to break', Evn. qabъr-, Evk. kapu- id. (see ТМС 1, 377-378); *kupu- in Manchu kufujen 'fragile'.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kaba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 tent (covered with bark) 2 to enclose, fence 3 fence, enclosure, camp

Russian meaning: 1 шалаш (крытый корой) 2 огораживать 3 забор, ограждение; лагерь, казарма

Spoken Manchu: quarǝn 'courtyard' (553)

Literary Manchu: quwara- 2, quwaran 3

Orok: qaụra(n) 1

Nanai: qawa 1

Oroch: kawa(n) 1

Udighe: kawa 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 391, 422. Manchu > WMong. quwaran 'barracks'.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kabri-kī

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sledge pole

Russian meaning: остол (палка для торможения нарт)

Evenki: kawrikī

Negidal: kawrịxị̄

Ulcha: qaụrị

Orok: qawrē

Nanai: kaorị̄

Oroch: kauri

Comments: ТМС 1, 358.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kabu-kta

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 salmon fat 2 salmon stomach

Russian meaning: 1 жир (калуги, осетра) 2 желудок (калуги)

Ulcha: qaụqta 1

Nanai: qaụqta 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 385.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kači-kān

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: puppy

Russian meaning: щенок

Evenki: kačikān

Even: qačịqan

Negidal: kačịxān

Orok: kēčike

Nanai: kejče(kẽ)

Udighe: kas`anǯiga

Solon: xasxā̃

Comments: ТМС 1, 385.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kaču(-ki)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: skin clothes

Russian meaning: одежда из шкуры

Literary Manchu: qačiki

Ulcha: qačụị

Nanai: qačoị

Oroch: kačun, kačuki

Comments: ТМС 1,386.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kadala / *kadara

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bridle

Russian meaning: уздечка

Spoken Manchu: hadǝlǝ, qadǝlǝ (1255)

Literary Manchu: χadala

Nanai: qadara, χadara

Solon: xadal, kadala

Comments: ТМС 1, 359 (the verb *kadala- 'to regulate, oppress' reflected in several languages is derived from the noun 'bridle' rather than borrowed from Mong., where *kada- means basically 'to nail'; however, there were vast possibilities of contaminating the original and borrowed roots (see under *kājt`a). Nan. χadara 'bridle' may be borrowed from Mong. (not quite plausibly, however: the forms like qadar are actually attested only in MMong. and Southern Mongolian dialects), but the Manchu and Solon forms are hard to explain as borrowings (despite Rozycki 97).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kada(r)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rock

Russian meaning: скала

Evenki: kadar, kadaɣa

Even: qadār, qadaqụ

Negidal: kadā

Spoken Manchu: hadǝ 'mountain peak' (2069)

Literary Manchu: χada

Ulcha: qadalị

Orok: qada

Nanai: qadar 'granite, marble' (Он.)

Oroch: kada

Udighe: kada

Solon: xadār

Comments: ТМС 1, 360 (part of the forms may be < Mong., see Doerfer MT 18, but as a whole the root is undoubtedly genuine).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kadara-ku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: courageous, diligent

Russian meaning: смелый, храбрый, старательный

Literary Manchu: qadaraqu

Ulcha: qāda-

Orok: qadaraqu

Nanai: qadaraqo

Comments: ТМС 1, 360.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kaji-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a big seal 2 wild goat 3 a variegated dog breed

Russian meaning: 1 нерпа (крупная) 2 коза (дикая) 3 пестрая порода собаки

Even: kajir 2

Orok: qaịɣarị 1

Nanai: kiaktān 3 (Он.)

Comments: ТМС 1, 361, 362.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kaK-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to rumple (skin) 2 instrument for rumpling skin

Russian meaning: 1 мять кожу 2 кожемялка

Oroch: kaku 2

Udighe: ka`i- 1 (Корм. 244)

Comments: ТМС 1, 364.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kaKi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 angry 2 hasty

Russian meaning: 1 сердитый 2 торопливый

Evenki: kaki 1

Literary Manchu: χaxi 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 363.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kakta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: yellow, pale

Russian meaning: желтый, бледный

Evenki: kaktalama, kaktarin

Comments: ТМС 1, 363.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kakti-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to give out a smell of burning

Russian meaning: пахнуть горелым, пригорать

Negidal: kaktị-

Literary Manchu: χaqsa-

Ulcha: qaqta-

Orok: qaqtụ-

Nanai: qaqtarị (adj.)

Udighe: kakčisi-

Comments: ТМС 1, 364.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kaK(u)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dam

Russian meaning: плотина

Literary Manchu: qaqu

Jurchen: xe-ki (68)

Comments: ТМС 1,356.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kal-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 near 2 to come near

Russian meaning: 1 близкий, близко 2 приблизиться

Spoken Manchu: hanči 1 (2611)

Literary Manchu: xanči 1; xalbu- 'to let into the house'

Ulcha: qāl- 2

Orok: qal- 2

Nanai: qaĺčị 1

Oroch: kalikun- 'to let near'

Comments: ТМС 1, 366, 369, 372 (Man. xanči should be kept distinct from qani 'similarly, in accordance with others').

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kal-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 clan, family 2 to gather (deer) 3 together

Russian meaning: 1 род, семья 2 собирать (оленей) 3 вместе

Evenki: kalbuldī- 2, Il. kālbe 3

Literary Manchu: χala 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 365, 459-460. The Manchu form was widely borrowed (Sol. xala, Neg. xala, Oroch xala, Ud. xa, Ul., Orok, Nan. χala).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kala-n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 kettle 2 bag

Russian meaning: 1 котел 2 сума

Evenki: kalan 1

Even: qalā-was 2

Ulcha: qala(n) 1

Nanai: qalã 1

Udighe: kala(n) 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 364-365. Cf. also *kalbi- 'flat, broad' (ТМС 1, 365; hardly < Mong., despite Doerfer MT 51, 69 - although some forms, notably Evk. kalbaɣa 'spoon', Man. χalbaχa 'crooked part of a flat spoon', are probably borrowed, see Rozycki 100).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kalbu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 girdle 2 band

Russian meaning: 1 пояс 2 тесьма, лента

Evenki: kalbu 1

Even: qālbъ̣ 1

Negidal: kalbu 1

Solon: xalbaŋxa 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 365.